This article analyzes the strategic mindset of Zhuge Liang, particularly his meticulousness in choosing his subordinates and the mistakes he made during his final selections.
In the year 207, after Liu Bei’s three visits to the humble abode of Zhuge Liang, his career underwent significant transformations. One could say that Zhuge Liang’s assistance to Liu Bei was akin to a carp meeting water, as he emerged like a dragon. Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei connect with Dong Ngo, greatly aiding the military endeavors of Cao Cao at Xich Bich. Thereafter, Zhuge Liang continued to seize the southern territories of Jingzhou, constantly expanding his influence and never ceasing to open up wide paths of opportunity.
Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun began to emerge as prominent figures, gathering experiences and gaining fame. Throughout the process of military campaigns for Liu Bei, while Zhuge Liang held deep respect for Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, he also valued their military autonomy. Thus, when making decisions, Zhuge Liang often did not take the two along.
So, which subordinates did Zhuge Liang hold in the highest regard? They are the four prominent figures from the Shu Han household listed below.
The Four Subordinates Highly Regarded by Zhuge Liang
Zhao Yun
First and foremost, Zhao Yun. If one had to name the most outstanding subordinate in Zhuge Liang’s eyes, it would certainly be the illustrious Zhao Yun. Zhao Yun was a devoted and resourceful individual. After following Liu Bei, he participated in several important battles, including the Battle of Baideng, the Battle of Changban, and the Battle of Dingjiang. He consistently achieved remarkable victories.
In the historical novel “Romance of the Three Kingdoms,” Zhao Yun frequently demonstrated loyalty to Liu Bei, alongside Zhuge Liang and others. In the battle at Juyong Pass, he displayed exceptional prowess against Cao Cao, rescuing Liu Bei’s son. After Zhou Yu passed away, it was Zhao Yun who, alongside Zhuge Liang, took on the responsibility of defending the region of Wu. Towards the end of the Three Kingdoms era, when Zhuge Liang faced setbacks, it was Zhao Yun who bravely held back the enemy forces, ensuring the safe retreat of the Shu army back to Hanzhong.
Zhao Yun was not only brave but also capable of handling matters wisely. After Liu Bei’s victory at the Western Xu, the difficulties that arose for the generals were handled with Zhao Yun’s counsel: “The generals must maintain their positions and not lose their lands, prioritizing the safety of the people before seeking to recruit soldiers, as this will also win the hearts of the people.”
On another occasion, when Liu Bei was preparing to attack Wu, Zhao Yun was the first to respond: “The principal threat is Cao Cao, while the enemy’s weaknesses lie within their own ranks. Thus, when the conflict with Dong Ngo begins, it must be approached with caution.” Such wise insights were deeply valued by Zhuge Liang, affirming Zhao Yun’s indispensable status.
Khuang Duy
Second, Khuang Duy. Khuang Duy was the foremost general of the Shu Han. During the first Northern expedition led by Zhuge Liang, Khuang Duy demonstrated his strategic prowess, ambushing and defeating the Northern forces led by Ma Chuan. Later, he coordinated with Zhao Yun to devise plans for the Shu army at night, showing his resourcefulness as a commander. At that time, Zhuge Liang praised Khuang Duy and appointed him as a key strategist.
After Khuang Duy assumed command for the Shu Han, Zhuge Liang began to rely on him more. They often discussed strategies together. Khuang Duy was not only loyal but also consistently showcased his military skills, often leading the army to victories against Cao Cao, becoming an indispensable figure in Zhuge Liang’s plans.
After Zhuge Liang passed away, he led the army to defend against the Wei forces, successfully countering the invasion from Zhuge Liang’s former adversary. Being a close confidant of Zhuge Liang, Khuang Duy understood the subtleties of military strategy, and thus was deeply respected by Zhuge Liang.
Huang Sung
Third, Huang Sung, a trusted advisor of the Shu Han. During the Northern expeditions of Zhuge Liang, he prominently featured in the strategy discussions, demonstrating a profound understanding of military logistics and operations. He was praised by Zhuge Liang for his resourcefulness: “The soldier who can strategize well will always contribute to the army’s success.” Thus, Zhuge Liang placed great importance on Huang Sung, assigning him the responsibility of overseeing military provisions and ensuring the Shu army’s sustainability.
Ma Tac
Fourth, Ma Tac, the younger brother of the famed general Ma Liang. After Liu Bei’s death, Ma Tac frequently accompanied Zhuge Liang on campaigns, during which Zhuge Liang regarded him as a significant asset. When Zhuge Liang launched an expedition against the Nanman, Ma Tac emerged as a key figure: “His military skills are formidable, and he strikes fear into the hearts of his enemies.” This made him a valuable ally in Zhuge Liang’s plans.
When Zhuge Liang prepared to launch the Northern expedition, Ma Tac played a crucial role in devising strategies, leading to significant victories against Cao Cao’s forces.
In summary
